The rise in global temperatures has made heat stress an increasing concern for the sheep dairy industry. Recent studies, such as one published in 2025 in the Journal of Dairy Science, have highlighted how high temperatures negatively affect both the production and quality of sheep milk.
Effects on milk production
Heat stress leads to a reduction in feed intake by ewes, resulting in decreased milk yield. Under heat stress conditions, a significant drop in daily milk production has been observed, attributable to reduced dry matter intake and increased energy expenditure for thermoregulation.
Changes in milk composition
Beyond quantity, heat stress also impacts milk composition. There is a decline in fat and protein content—key elements for milk quality and cheese production. These changes are due to alterations in animal metabolism and reduced availability of the nutrients necessary for the synthesis of these components.
Implications for cheese processing
Variations in milk composition directly affect the yield and quality of dairy products. Lower concentrations of fat and protein can impair milk coagulation and cheese texture, making it necessary to adapt processing techniques to maintain quality standards.
Mitigation strategies
To counteract the effects of heat stress, it is essential to adopt proper management strategies. These include implementing cooling systems in barns, adjusting feeding regimes to ensure adequate nutrient supply, and modifying breeding programs to reduce animal exposure to high temperatures.
Future outlook
The increasing frequency of extreme weather events requires a proactive approach to managing heat stress in sheep farming. Ongoing research continues to explore innovative solutions, such as the use of targeted dietary supplements and genetic selection for heat resistance, to ensure the sustainability and productivity of the sheep dairy industry in a changing climate.
